Xiao-Ping Chen Kuomintang regime in: 1949 "capital Guangzhou,"

"big three" sports later, from February 1949 to October 14 inGuangzhou liberation, the KMT regime "central" organization afteranother Go south to Guangzhou. Part of the eight-month peace period isover. The process of "moving the capital to Guangzhou" exposedthe dark curtain of the Kuomintang factions dismantling each other andrestraining each other under the broad daylight. It exacerbated thedivision of the people and accelerated the demise of the KMT regime. Thisarticle will detail the location and appearance of the "central" agencymoved to Guangzhou, using 32 photos to bring readers to the real historicalscene.

Figure 1

: Disputes between the "President's Office" located in the frontseat of the Guangzhou Municipal Government and the hospital

On January 21, Chiang Kai-shek issued a "retirement" announcement andimmediately returned to Zhejiang with several relatives. Vice President LiZongren cannot command Jiang's army, cannot appoint and remove importantofficials, and cannot use economic resources controlled by Chiang. Priorto this trip, Chiang Kai-shek made arrangements for Guangdongpersonnel. He ordered his trusted general, Yu Hanmou, to be the directorof the Guangzhou Appeasement Office, and Xue Yue to be the chairman ofGuangdong.

"Government-hospital dispute" between the presidential palace and theexecutive court. On January 25, Executive Director Sun Ke officiallyannounced that he would relocate the government to southern Guangzhou underJiang Jieshi's order. This move was clearly a destruction of Li Zongren's Taiwan. OnFebruary 1, the Secretary-General of the KMT, Zheng Yanfen, moved the CentralParty Department to the former Guangdong Party Department at No. 88 Nandi,Guangzhou.

Figure 2 Guangzhou Sun Ke

On February 3, the Executive Yuan officially announced the opening of theWelcome Hotel on Zhonghua North Road (now Jiefang North Road) inGuangzhou. On February 4th, Executive Director Sun Ke, State Vice ChairmanWu Tiecheng, and Kuomintang Secretary-General Zheng Yanfen arrived at GuangzhouBaiyun Airport by AVIC. Yu Hanmou greeted them and went to the hoteltogether. Unfortunately, the South Building of the Yingbin Hotel, once theExecutive Yuan, was demolished and replaced by a Baiyun Building.

Figure 3 In 1949,

Sun Ke's "move the capital" of the office building of theGuangzhou Executive Yuan was a sudden attack. Acting President LiZongren strongly stated that the People's Liberation Army had not yet crossedthe river and the "central" organs had all fled, leaving only the"Presidential Palace" in Nanjing, not only unable to carry out work,but also extremely detrimental to peace talks. On February 20, henegotiated with Sun Ke in Guangzhou, asking the leader to return to work inNanjing. On the following day, Li Zongren met with the foreign ambassadorssuch as Luo Shen, the Soviet Ambassador to China, and Ko Shen, the USRepresentative Office in China.

Picture 4 Sun Ke meets Li

Zongren Li Zongren is very angry with the disobedient cabinet. Hewants to leave soon, so he launches a campaign to overthrow Sun. Sun Keresigned on March 8. However, Li Zongren's attempts to form a"submissive cabinet" still failed. As a result of reciprocalnegotiations, Chiang Kai-shek's own congratulations took over. The frontdoor drives the tiger, and the back door drives the wolf. Acting PresidentLi Zongren is very timid.

On April 21, the Chinese People's Liberation Army launched a campaign to crossthe Yangtze River. Li Zongren and He convened a joint meeting of thepresidents, vice presidents, and the secretary-general of the threeadministrative courts, legislative courts, and supervisorycourts. "Participants in peace talks between Israel and Xianxian havebroken down. The capital will be threatened by artillery. The government mustmove to Guangzhou. When the decision is made to evacuate immediately, theExecutive Yuan will temporarily move overseas, except for the Ministry ofDefense. All other ministries Will move to Guangzhou. The Legislative Yuan alsodecided to move to Guangzhou. As for the presidential palace, we plan to moveto Shanghai first, and then to Guangzhou. "(" Report "April 22,2007) In the

early morning of April 24, the PLA entered Nanjing. After 14 hours, Heflew to Guangzhou Tianhe Airport on a "China-US 001" specialplane. Facing the urgent inquiry from reporters, He Muyan was right:"Yesterday, more speeches were given to the Ministry of Information forpublication." Two days later, the Minister of Supervision Yu Youren, theMinister of Legislation Tong Guanxian, and the Minister of Economy Sun alsocame.

The Guangzhou authorities have prepared a "Presidential Palace" forthe acting president. This is a new municipal third middle school buildinglocated in Shipai. Shipai is too far from the city center. Accordingto relevant data, Li Zongren has not lived once. In 1950, Ye Jianyingfounded Southern University, circled the "Presidential Palace" in theuniversity, and returned it to South China Normal University. The"Presidential Palace" has been around for a long time and is said tohave been demolished more than 10 years ago.

Figure 6 "Presidential Palace" in 1950

Figure 7 "Presidential Palace" was demolished.

Li Zongren was very dissatisfied with Ho's cabinet, and continued to incitepoliticians from various quarters to attack. Qin Ying announced hisresignation on May 30. Li Zongren's wishful thinking was to let theKuomintang veteran Zhu Zheng come out to form a cabinet, but Chiang Kai-shekstumped from it and lost by one vote in the Legislative Yuan. Li Zongrenwas forced to nominate Yan Xishan, who was loyal to the oldChiang. Unarmed Yan Xishan also served as Secretary of Defense, with thesole purpose of preventing Li Zongren and Bai Chongxi from taking over militarycommand.

Figure 8 Guangzhou Yan Xishan

Diplomacy and National Defense

On January 19, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs issued a note to foreign envoysin China, inviting them to prepare for the Guangzhou Arts Festival. At thetime, the Minister of Foreign Affairs was Wu Tiecheng's "Political ScienceDepartment". Since February 5, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs hasopened an office in Shamian Qiaole Association (now Shamian Street 62).

Figure 9 The Shamian Foreign Ministry

did not expect that the Soviet embassy took the most aggressiveaction. Ambassador Luo Shen and a large number of staff quickly moved toGuangzhou, and opened a Russian-era consulate in Guangzhou, the Soviet Embassyin China (now 68 Shamian Street).

Figure 10 Soviet Embassy in China

Figure 11 Soviet Embassy Nameplate

U.S. Ambassador to China Situ Leiden ignored Wu Tiecheng's note and stayed inNanjing, waiting for the PLA to enter Nanjing. He sent a special envoy toGuangzhou to deal with the Kuomintang. Stuart Rayden is considering directcontact with the new regime. The reaction of the United States and theSoviet Union to the move of the "National Government" to Guangzhoulooks strange. The United States is believed to support the Kuomintangregime, but it intentionally stays in Nanjing pending liberation. TheSoviet Union was considered to support the Chinese Communist Party, but itactively cooperated with the Kuomintang regime's southwardadvance. Diplomacy often has some bending movements, which cannot beunderstood by simple linear thinking. On August 18, Mao Zedong published awell-known editorial "Declaration", which meant that the wishcalculus of the US ambassador was defeated. He chose to return directly toChina, leaving the issue of Sino-US diplomacy to Coshensi.

Figure 12 US Agent Section Shen Si enters Saudi Ministry of Foreign Affairs

On June 12, Executive Director Yan Xishan announced Hu Shi as Minister ofForeign Affairs. After repeated consideration, Hu Shi resigned on the21st, Yan Xishan had to use Ye Gongchao as his agent. It took a long timefor Ye Gongchao to act as Acting Minister of Foreign Affairs, and it was notuntil October 1 that the nation-building ceremony "returned tonormal" at the

Ministry of Defense at the Tang Yan Military Academy. After the victory ofthe War of Resistance Against Japan, the first Minister of National Defense wasBai Chongxi, the second figure in Guangxi, known as "LittleZhuge." In May 1948, when Li Zongren was elected as Vice-President ofthe State, Chiang Kai-shek was worried that the Guangxi Zhuang AutonomousRegion would take over the government and immediately replaced Bai Chongxi'sdefense minister and replaced it with what. After becoming president, LiZongren always hoped that Bai Chongxi would return to the office, but Lao Jiangstrongly stopped him. During the Huaihai battle, from the ruins, BaiChongxi, from a folk perspective, did not "stand out and getjustice." However, this is also the cause and result of the manyyears of conflict between Chiang Kai-shek and Guangxi, which cannot be said tobe the responsibility of the Guangxi Group. On December 25, 1948, BaiChongxi's power station urged Chiang Kai-shek to step down. Between ChiangKai-shek and the Gui Department, if you bite me, I will bite you right away,all with tooth marks.

After the liberation of Nanjing, the Ministry of National Defense temporarilymoved to Shanghai. It wasn't until early May that it officially moved toGuangzhou, with its office in Tang Yan Military Academy. "Tang YanMilitary Academy" is an abbreviation. It was originally established in1924 as Tang Yan Campus of Huangpu Military Academy. In 1931, Chen wasrenamed Guangdong Military and Political Academy. In 1936, it was renamedthe Central Bank Guangzhou Branch

Ministry of Finance. When the central government withdrew to the south,the basic principle was: first find the counterpart unit for resettlement; ifthe counterparty unit has no conditions, then look for externalresources. The Ministry of Finance need not worry about this, and withdrewto the Guangdong Provincial Department of Finance to "solve" the GuangdongProvincial Department of Finance (now Beijing Road 376) was originally thechief secretary (affiliated department) of the Ming and QingDynasties. For more than 2000, it has been the absolute center ofGuangzhou. This magnificent Western-style building was built in1919. Sun Yat-sen became president on May 5, 1921, just to check thefinancial masses.

Figure 17

Ministry of the Interior, Guangdong Provincial Department ofFinance . Interior Minister Li Hanxun, a general in GuangdongProvince, is familiar with it. He established the Ministry of the Interiorat the Guangdong Literature Museum in Wenming Road. The predecessor of theGuangdong Literature Museum is the first half of the Restoration. Afterliberation, the old building was demolished and the Guangzhou Workers' CulturePalace was completed. The second half of the Restoration Society wasconverted into the Guangzhou Zhongshan Library in 1933, and its gate was openedon Wende Road.

Figure 18 Ministry of the Interior Ministry of

Economy ( Ministry of Industry and Commerce). On February 10,the industrial and commercial department was moved to No. 178 Wanfu Road,Guangzhou. On March 12, the Ministry of Industry and Commerce, theMinistry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries and the Ministry of WaterResources merged into the Ministry of Economy, and Sun served as Minister,still working at 178 Wanfu Road. The site has undergone major changes.

Figure 19

Ministry of Economic Affairs former site Ministry ofTransport. The Ministry of Communications was very wealthy and moved toShamian, the concession. Its address is 63 Zhaohe Road (now Shamian NorthStreet 65) in the former Sixth District Telecommunications AdministrationBureau.

Figure 20 Ministry of Transport, 1949

Figure 21 Status of

Ministry of Health's former site . Initially, the Ministry ofHealth temporarily borrowed the office of Guangzhou Central Hospital (now theGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital Huifu Branch) on Huifu West Road, andsoon moved to Nanshi Tougang Epidemic Prevention Station. This place islocated in the southwest corner of Haizhu District, far from thecity. Nearby are Western Cemeteries and Japanese Cemeteries. It canbe said that the air is cold and the water is cold. The ghost cried in themiddle of the night.

Figure 22

Other Central Institutions of Guangzhou Central Hospital

After the capital was established in Nanjing, the Kuomintang followed SunYat-sen's theory and implemented a five-council system, namely, the executivecourt, legislative court, judicial court, supervisory court, and reviewcourt. The five universities have moved south, and only four of them havemoved to Guangzhou. The exam college somehow moved to the former site ofGuangxi University in Wuzhou, Guangxi.

Before moving south, Dai, a party elder and former president of theExaminations Institute, went to Guangzhou on December 28, 1948 to take a restand lived in Dongshankou Xiaodongyuan (formerly the Guangzhou-Kowloon RailwayClub). On February 11, Dai died suddenly in Building 2 of Xiaodongyuan. Thecause of his death is still controversial. No matter what the cause ofdeath was, Dai's death at the beginning of the government's southward move wastoo symbolic, and it sounded the death knell for the Kuomintangregime. Xiaodongyuan was a group of buildings at that time. There weremany exquisite small buildings, but today only building 6 is retained.

Picture 23:

Tong Guanxian, the legislator of the Legislative Yuan, arrived in Guangzhou onFebruary 5. Earlier, Vice President Liu Jianqun came to Guangzhou tonegotiate and agreed to use the Zhongshan Memorial Hall as the venue, and WendeRoad Zhongshan Library and Yuexiu Mountain Central Plains Library as the officespace.

Figure 24 Zhongshan Memorial Hall

Figure 25 Wende Road Zhongshan Library Current Situation

Figure 26 Zhongyuan Library is now the Guangzhou Art Museum.

Central Weather Bureau. The Central Meteorological Bureau was establishedin Chongqing in 1941. It originally belonged directly to the ExecutiveYuan and was placed under the Ministry of Education in 1945 and the Ministry ofCommunications in 1947. In February 1949, the Central MeteorologicalAdministration moved to Guangzhou, located at No. 2 Fengkezhi Street, NanhuaEast Road. It was originally a Chinese match factory founded by returnedoverseas Chinese. The address of "No. 2 Huangdao" can be foundin the letter from the Central Meteorological Bureau, which is collected by theGuangzhou collector Zhang

Central Daily News. After Nanjing's "Farewell, Stuart Leiden" isover, key personnel will go directly to Taiwan to set up the Taiwan version of"Guangzhou Cultural Relics Survey Compilation